Liuyang (浏阳) is the county-level city at Changsha's eastern edge against Jiangxi, and fireworks have been its trade for some 1,400 years. The craft is traced to a Tang-dynasty local, Li Tian, and grew from imperial tribute through treaty-port export into an industry that now supplies roughly half of China's fireworks sales and is called the world's top centre of manufacture. Its making techniques entered the first national intangible-heritage list in 2007. The city also hosts the International Fireworks Association.
Liuyang, east of Changsha, has made fireworks for some 1,400 years and supplies much of the world. The making, the festival calendar and the industry the craft built are the three stages of a trade that has run on ritual demand.