Jinan.

Jinan is the capital of Shandong and is known throughout China as the Spring City. Its permanent population reached 9.616 million at the end of 2025, and it covers 10,244 square kilometres with ten districts and two counties. The city lies in west-central Shandong, with the Yellow River along its northern edge and Mount Tai to the south. Because springs break out of the ground across the old city, Jinan has been known since old times for its seventy-two famous springs, and the water they feed runs through the streets, the lakes and the moat. The city was first recorded more than four thousand years ago and was listed as a national historical and cultural city in 1986. Its name means the south of the Ji, after the ancient river that rose on Mount Wangwu in Henan.